نشریه علمی

تبیین ابعاد و ویژگی‌های حکمرانی گردشگری با تأکید بر مدیریت رویدادهای فرهنگی براساس رویکرد سیستماتیک

دوره 6، شماره 20
بهار 1404
صفحه 6-19

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گردشگری، گروه گردشگری، دانشکدۀ علوم گردشگری، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه گردشگری، دانشکدۀ علوم گردشگری، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه گردشگری، دانشکدۀ علوم گردشگری، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
باتوجه به اهمیت رویدادهای فرهنگی در جذب گردشگران، مدیریت کارآمد این رویدادها نه تنها برای موفقیت گردشگری فرهنگی حیاتی است، بلکه برای حفظ و ترویج فرهنگ‌های محلی نیز ضروری است. اجرای یک مدل حکمرانی موفق می‌تواند به افزایش مشارکت جامعۀ  محلی در رویدادهای فرهنگی و گردشگری منجر شود. این امر نه‌تنها به ایجاد حس مالکیت و مسئولیت‌پذیری در بین افراد جامعه کمک می‌کند، بلکه می‌تواند به بهبود کیفیت خدمات و افزایش رضایت بازدیدکنندگان نیز بینجامد. این پژوهش با بهره‌گیری از روش مرور سیستماتیک، به تبیین ابعاد و ویژگی‌های حکمرانی گردشگری با تأکید بر مدیریت رویدادهای فرهنگی پرداخته و در ادامه، چارچوبی نظام‌مند از عوامل مؤثر بر حکمرانی گردشگری با تأکید بر مدیریت رویدادهای فرهنگی ارائه شده است. در روش مرور سیستماتیک، 487 مقاله و پژوهش مرتبط در سال‌های 2007 تا 2024 از نمایۀ استنادی Web of Science  انتخاب شد که در نهایت، با اعمال معیارهای گزینش، 51 مقاله به‌عنوان مبنای استخراج یافته‌ها قرار گرفتند. این پژوهش، کیفی بوده و در پارادایم تفسیرگرایی، با هدف اکتشاف ویژگی‌های حکمرانی گردشگری با تأکید بر مدیریت رویدادهای فرهنگی انجام شده است و از هدف، پژوهشی کاربردی محسوب می‌شود. همچنین، از لحاظ زمان جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، پژوهشی مقطعی است. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که در حوزه حکمرانی گردشگری، عواملی مانند «عوامل آموزشی» (مانند آموزش نیروی انسانی و آگاه‌سازی جامعۀ میزبان) و «عوامل زیرساختی» (شامل توسعۀ فیزیکی، دسترسی‌ها و فناوری‌های گردشگری) تاکنون با حجم گسترده‌ای از پژوهش‌ها پوشش داده شده‌اند. با این حال، دو حوزه «عوامل فرهنگی» و «عوامل موقیتی و رقابتی» کمتر مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته و ابعاد پیچیده آن‌ها نادیده مانده است. در حوزۀ عوامل فرهنگی، پژوهش‌های اندکی به نقش مؤلفه‌هایی مانند «حفظ هویت فرهنگی در رویدادها»، «تعامل جامعه محلی با گردشگران» و «تأثیر فرهنگ بر طراحی رویدادها» پرداخته‌اند. در حوزۀ عوامل موقیتی و رقابتی، خلأ مطالعاتی در زمینه‌هایی همچون «استفاده از مزیت‌های جغرافیایی-تاریخی»، «راهبردهای رقابت‌پذیری در جذب رویدادها» و «تأثیر موقعیت مکانی بر موفقیت رویدادهای فرهنگی» مشاهده می‌شود. این پژوهش، زمینه را برای طراحی سیاست‌های نوین به‌منظور تقویت هماهنگی نهادها، بهبود مدیریت یکپارچه رویدادها و ارتقای رقابت‌پذیری مقاصد گردشگری فراهم می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Explaining the Dimensions and Characteristics of Tourism Governance with an Emphasis on the Management of Cultural Events Based on a Systematic Approach

نویسندگان English

Sahar Sheikhooni 1
Manouchehr Jahanian 2
Seyed Saeed Hashemi 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Tourism Management, Faculty of Tourism, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Tourism, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Tourism, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Given the importance of cultural events in attracting tourists, efficient management of these events is not only vital for the success of cultural tourism but also essential for preserving and promoting local cultures. Implementing a successful governance model can lead to increased local community participation in cultural and tourism events. This not only helps foster a sense of ownership and responsibility among community members but can also improve service quality and enhance visitor satisfaction.This paper, utilizing the systematic review method, aims to elucidate the dimensions and characteristics of tourism governance with a focus on cultural event management. It also presents a structured framework of factors influencing tourism governance, particularly concerning the management of cultural events. A systematic review approach was employed, selecting 487 articles and relevant studies from 2007 to 2024 indexed in the Web of Science database. Using this method, 51 final articles were chosen as the basis for the extraction of findings. This qualitative research, conducted within an interpretive paradigm, aims to explore the features of tourism governance with an emphasis on cultural event management, and it is applied in terms of its purpose. Data collection was conducted cross-sectionally. The findings of this study indicate that in the field of tourism governance, factors such as “educational factors” (including human resource training and community awareness) and “infrastructural factors” (encompassing physical development, accessibility, and tourism technologies) have been extensively covered in the research. However, the areas of “cultural factors” and “situational and competitive factors” have received less attention, and their complex dimensions have often been overlooked. In the realm of cultural factors, few studies have addressed the roles of elements such as “cultural identity preservation in events,” “local community interaction with tourists,” and “the influence of culture on event design. Regarding situational and competitive factors, there is a noticeable research gap in areas like “utilizing geographical-historical advantages,” “strategies for competitiveness in attracting events,” and “the impact of location on the success of cultural events. Given the crucial role of efficient governance in the sustainable development of tourism, it is suggested that future research should focus on these two areas, exploring topics such as “community participation models in cultural events,” “the relationship between location and tourist attraction,” and “strategies for integrating local culture with event management.” The findings of this study, by offering a systematic framework, provide a foundation for the design of new policies aimed at strengthening institutional coordination, improving integrated event management, and enhancing the competitiveness of tourism destinations.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Governance
  • Tourism Governance
  • Cultural Event Management
  • Systematic Review
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