نشریه علمی

نقش سرمایه‌‌های‌ فرهنگی در ادراکات زیباشناسانۀ گردشگران براساس نظریۀ بوردیو (موردکاوی مسجد کبود تبریز)

دوره 5، شماره 19
زمستان 1403
صفحه 44-57

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری اسلامی، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، ایران.

چکیده
 با وجود ارزش‌های میراث فرهنگی و نقشی که در تبادلات فرهنگی جامعۀ میزبان در زمینۀ گردشگری ایفا می‌کند، به‌دلیل ابعاد و سطوح پیچیده‌تر معماری در قیاس با سایر اشکال و محصولات گردشگری میراث، گردشگران کمتری توانایی دریافت ارزش‌های فرهنگی آن و به عبارتی ادراک زیباشناختی آن را دارا هستند. براساس دیدگاه بوردیو، سرمایۀ فرهنگی به‌عنوان یکی از تمایلات زیبایی‌‌شناختی به استعداد و توانایی درک و ارزش‌‌گذاری افراد بر آثار هنری اشاره دارد. این پژوهش به اثبات نظریۀ بوردیو در زمینۀ گردشگری میراث (گردشگری معماری) به‌عنوان بخشی از گردشگری فرهنگی که تبادلات فرهنگی جامعۀ میزبان را هدف قرار می‌دهد، می‌پردازد و چگونگی تأثیر ابعاد سرمایۀ فرهنگی بر سطوح ادراک زیباشناسانۀ آثار میراث (معماری) را بررسی می‌کند. رویکرد پژوهش کمّی و در قالب شیوۀ همبستگی است که با توجه به ماهیت آن، تلفیقی از راهبردهای کمّی و کیفی استفاده شد. در بخش نظری پژوهش، از شیوۀ تحلیل محتوای کیفی بهره گرفته شد؛ به‌طوری‌که ابعاد سرمایۀ فرهنگی و سطوح ادراک زیباشناختی در معماری براساس دیدگاه بوردیو و با بهره‌گیری از منابع کتابخانه‌ای شناسایی شد. در بخش میدانی پژوهش، برای دست‌یافتن به رابطۀ سرمایۀ فرهنگی و ادارکات زیباشناختی از آثار میراث (معماری)، براساس شاخص‌های بخش نظری، به گردآوری پرسش‌نامه پرداخته شد. تحلیل داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده از پرسش‌نامه‌ها، با شیوۀ تحلیل معادلات ساختاری (PLS) انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری پرسش‌نامه‌ها، گردشگران مسجد کبود تبریز و حجم نمونه 140 است. جهت اطمینان از کفایت نمونه‌‌گیری، آزمون KMO و بارتلت استفاده شد. شاخص نیکویی برازش برای ارزیابی مدل اندازه‌گیری شامل بارهای عاملی، روایی و پایایی متغیرها و همچنین برای ارزیابی مدل ساختاری شامل ضریب مسیر، اندازۀ اثر و میانگین و انحراف‌معیار به کار گرفته شد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان‌دهندۀ تأثیر مثبت (مستقیم) و نسبتا قوی سرمایۀ فرهنگی بر ادراک زیباشناختی است. تأثیر مثبت و معنادار سرمایۀ فرهنگی بر زیبایی‌شناسی اجتماعی (سطوح بالاتر) و تأثیر منفی و معنادار سرمایۀ فرهنگی بر زیبایی‌شناسی فرمی (سطوح پایین‌تر)، تأییدی بر سلسله‌مراتبی‌بودن سطوح ادراک زیبایی‌شناسی است. در نهایت متغیر سرمایۀ فرهنگی تجسم‌یافته و نهادینه‌شده، تأثیر مثبت و غیرمعناداری بر ادراک زیباشناختی و سرمایۀ فرهنگی عینیت‌یافته تأثیر منفی و معناداری بر ادراک زیباشناختی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Role of Cultural Capital in Aesthetic Perceptions of Tourists Based on Bourdieu’s Theory (A Case Study of the Blue Mosque, Tabriz)

نویسندگان English

Farzaneh Salahimehr 1
Parisa Hashempour 2
1 Ph.D. Student in Islamic Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Iran.
2 Professor in Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Iran.
چکیده English

Despite the value of cultural heritage and its role in facilitating cultural exchanges within the host society through tourism, the complexities inherent in the architectural dimensions, compared to other forms and products of heritage tourism, result in fewer tourists being able to fully engage with its cultural values, particularly its aesthetic perception. According to Bourdieu’s framework, cultural capital, as a key component of aesthetic tendencies, refers to the talent and ability of individuals to comprehend and evaluate artworks. This study aims to validate Bourdieu’s theory within the context of heritage tourism (architectural tourism), a subset of cultural tourism focused on cultural exchanges with the host society. It examines how the dimensions of cultural capital influence the levels of aesthetic perception of heritage (architectural) works. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing a correlation method, which, due to its nature, integrates both quantitative and qualitative strategies. In the theoretical section, a qualitative content analysis method was employed to identify the dimensions of cultural capital and the levels of aesthetic perception in architecture, based on Bourdieu’s framework supported by library resources. In the field research section, a questionnaire was administered to explore the relationship between cultural capital and aesthetic perceptions of heritage (architectural) works, following the indicators outlined in the theoretical framework. The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling (PLS). The statistical population included tourists visiting the Blue Mosque of Tabriz, with a sample size of 140. To ensure the adequacy of the sampling, the KMO and Bartlett’s tests were employed. The goodness of fit index was used to assess the measurement model, including factor loadings, validity, and reliability of the variables, as well as the structural model, incorporating the path coefficient, effect size, and mean and standard deviation. The findings reveal a positive (direct) and relatively strong relationship between cultural capital and aesthetic perception. The significant and positive effect of cultural capital on social aesthetics (higher levels) and the significant and negative effect of cultural capital on formal aesthetics (lower levels) confirms the hierarchical nature of aesthetic perception. Furthermore, the variable of embodied and institutionalized cultural capital exhibits an insignificant and positive effect on aesthetic perception, while objectified cultural capital demonstrates a significant and negative effect on aesthetic perception.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Cultural Capital
  • Bourdieu
  • Tourism
  • Aesthetic Perception
  • Blue Mosque of Tabriz
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  • تاریخ دریافت 14 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 23 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 26 بهمن 1403