گردشگری حامی فقرا با رویکرد انتقادی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه مدیریت گردشگری و هتلداری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران غرب، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

کاهش فقر یکی از موضوعات اصلی استراتژی­‌های توسعه در سرتاسر جهان است. فقر برآیند تعامل فرآیندهای اجتماعی، سیاسی و اقتصادی است و تنها با رشد اقتصادی و توزیع مجدد درآمد، این مشکل مرتفع نمی‌شود. بنابر نظر برخی صاحب نظران، از دهۀ 1970 گردشگری ابزاری برای توسعه بوده و نقش آن در کاهش فقر و به ویژه فقر قابلیتی از اواخر دهۀ 1990 مورد توجه قرار گرفته است و از آن زمان گردشگری حامی فقرا به سرعت به روشی شناخته‏شده و ارزشمند در جهت کاهش فقر تبدیل شد. بنابراین هدف گردشگری حامی فقرا بهبود دسترسی فقرا به بخش گردشگری و فراهم‌کردن یک منبع درآمد برای آن­هاست. اما گردشگری حامی فقرا منتقدین خاص خود را نیز دارد و آنان بر این عقیده هستند که در گردشگری حامی فقرا، اولویت با کاهش فقر است و محافظت دارای اهمیت ثانویه است که این خود صدماتی بر محیط زیست، اقتصاد و فرهنگ وارد می‌کند و به همین دلیل نمی‌توان ادعا کرد که این نوع از گردشگری می‌تواند منجر به کاهش فقر (فقر قابلیتی) در تمام ابعاد شود. به همین منظور پژوهش حاضر، در پی تلفیق دو مقولۀ فقر و توسعۀ گردشگری بوده و بر آن است تا از طریق روش تحلیلی- توصیفی و مطالعات اسنادی و با تحلیل آرای صاحب‌نظران این حوزه چالش‌های گردشگری حامی فقرا را در 9 گروه با رویکردی انتقادی دسته‌بندی کرده و مورد بررسی و مداقه قرار دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Critical Approach to Pro-Poor Tourism

نویسنده [English]

  • Ebtehal Zandi
Faculty member of Tourism Management and Hotel Management Department of Islamic Azad University, West Tehran branch, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

One of the main themes of development strategies around the world is poverty reduction. Poverty is the result of the interaction of social, political, and economic processes, then economic growth and income redistribution can not solely resolve this problem. According to some experts, tourism has been a tool for development since the 1970s and its role in reducing poverty, especially poverty as capability, has been considered since the late 1990s. Since then, pro-poor tourism has quickly become a well-known and valuable tool. It has become a way to reduce poverty, so the goal of tourism is to support the poor by improving access of them to the tourism sector and providing them with a source of income. But pro-poor tourism also has its own critics who believe that it is a priority to reduce poverty, and protection is of secondary importance, which in turn harms the environment, the economy and culture. It cannot be argued that this type of tourism can lead to a reduction in poverty in all its dimensions. For this purpose, the present study seeks to combine the two categories of poverty and tourism development. Then it intends to categorize and analyze the challenges of pro- poor tourism in 9 groups with a critical approach through analytical-descriptive method and documentary studies and by analyzing the opinion of experts in this field.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tourism development
  • Poverty
  • pro-poor tourism
  • Critical approach
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