Application of Numerical Taxonomy and Cluster Analysis in Ranking the Development Level of Tehran Districts Based on Cultural Tourism

Hojjati, Negin; Zabihi, Hossein; Zarabadi, Zahra Sadat Saeideh

doi:10.22034/toc.2023.392280.1115

Application of Numerical Taxonomy and Cluster Analysis in Ranking the Development Level of Tehran Districts Based on Cultural Tourism

https://doi.org/10.22034/toc.2023.392280.1115

Volume 4, Issue 13
Summer 2023

Pages 34-45

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Negin Hojjati ¹

Hossein Zabihi ²

Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi ²

¹ Ph.D. Candidate in Urban Development, Department of Urban Development, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

² Associate Professor, Department of Urban Development, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Today, the concept of cultural tourism has drawn upon the factor of culture to facilitate development. The most important prerequisite to stress culture and culture-based industries necessitates a solid background. Tehran, as the capital of Iranian civilization, has this advantage which can help the cultural tourism industry to contribute to urban development. However, the concept of cultural tourism is neglected in urban development plans. Therefore, the questions that arise include: a) what are the indicators of cultural tourism for the development of Tehran? b) How is the development in the 22 districts of Tehran ranked based on cultural tourism? This research is descriptive-analytical nature using a mixed approach to explain the framework of cultural tourism’s effectiveness on the development of Iranian cities. To this end, ranking the development status of the 22 districts of Tehran was carried out based on a road map to benefit from the hidden cultural treasures of Tehran by attaching cultural tourism to urban development plans. This study employed documentary, and field study methods as data collection methods while content analysis, swing weighting, taxonomy-numerical, and cluster analysis were used as analytical methods. The results show that the 12th district of Tehran, with the most recorded places, and historical sites, Oud Lajan Bazaar, and Tehran Bazaar, have been given a higher priority compared to the rest districts of Tehran. Districts 6 and 1 of Tehran have had a better rank compared to other districts because of hotels and exhibitions of painting, photography, and sculpture and they have been ranked second and third respectively.

Keywords

Cultural tourism

Taxonomy-numerical

Cluster analysis

Development

Tehran

Subjects

Tourism of culture

Chen, G. & Huang, S. (2018). Understanding Chinese cultural tourists: typology and profile. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(2), 1-45.
Hausmann, A. (2007). Cultural tourism: Marketing challenges and opportunities for German cultural heritage. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 13(2), 170-184.
He, Y. (2018). A Study on the Dynamic Relationship between Cultural Industry and Economic Growth. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 5(4), 85-94.
Hojjati, N., Zabihi, H., & Saeideh Zarabadi, Z. S. (2022). Analysis of the concept of urban development over time and explanation of its dimensions and components. Geography (Regional Planning), 12(49), 36-51.
Kalantari, K. (2016). Modell-ha-ye Kami dar Barnamerizi (Mantaghe’i, Shahri va Rostayi) [Quantitative models in planning (regional, urban, and rural) (4th ed.)]. Tehran: Farhang Saba.
Kasemsarn, K., Harrison, D. & Nickpour, F. (2023). Applying Inclusive Design and Digital Storytelling to Facilitate Cultural Tourism: A Review and Initial Framework. Heritage, 6, 1411–1428.
Lei, Y. (2021). The Role of Cultural Creative Industries on the Revitalization of Resource exhausted Cities – The Case of Tongling. Journal of Urban Culture Research, 23, 3-24.
Liang, S. & Wang, Q. (2020). Cultural and Creative Industries and Urban (Re)Development in China. Journal of Planning Literature, 35(1), 54-70.
Loi, N., Tran, V.H., Tran, M., Nguyen, Q. & Hoang, V. (2019). A study on relationship between cultural industry and economic growth in Vietnam. Management Science Letters, 5, 787–794.
Maddah, L. (2021). Essays on cultural and creative industries: clustering, location and employment growth (Unpublished Ph.D. of Economics). University of Rovira I Virgili.
Manola, M. (2022). Contribution of the Venetian Monuments of Rhodes to Cultural Tourism and the Local Development of the Island. Economics, 5(2). 35-42.
Mousavi, M. & Hakmat Nia, H. (2006). Karbord-e model dar joghrafia ba taakid bar barnamerizi-ye shahri va nahiei [Application of the model in geography with emphasis on urban and regional planning]. Tehran: Elm-e Novin.
Niemczyk, A. (2013). Cultural tourists: An attempt to classify them. Tourism Management Perspectives, 5, 24–30.
Ochoa, E.A. & Ramirez, P.M. (2018). Cultural industries and spatial economic growth a model for the emergence of the creative cluster in the architecture of Toronto. Elsevier, City, Culture and Society, 14, 47–55.
OECD. (2021). Economic and social impact of cultural and creative sectors. Note for Italy G20 Presidency Culture Working Group.
Pratt, A. (2002). Cultural tourism as an urban cultural industry: a critical appraisal. In Interarts (ed.), Cultural Tourism. Barcelona: Turisme de Catalunya, Diputació de Barcelona, pp. 33-45.
Richards, G. (2018). Cultural tourism: A review of recent research and trends. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 36, 12-21.
Richards, G. (2021). Rethinking Cultural Tourism. Cheltenham, UK. Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Stoica, G.D., Andreiana, V.A., Duica, M.C., Stefan, M.C., Susanu, I.O., Coman, M.D. & Iancu, D.(2022). Perspectives for the Development of Sustainable Cultural Tourism. Sustainability. 14(5678), 1-17.
Tadesse, G.W. (2023). Heritage resources as a driver of cultural tourism development in Ethiopia: A review. Heritage resources as a driver of cultural tourism development in Ethiopia: A review. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 10(1), 1-15.
Unesco. (2021). Culturaland Creative Industries In the Face of COVID-19An Economic Impact Outlook. Sweden: Sverige.
Vong, F. (2016). Application of cultural tourist typology in a gaming destination–Macao. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(9), 949–965.
Vries, G. (2020). Culture in the Sustainable Development Goals: The Role of the European Union. 2nd ed.; Ifa-Edition Kultur und Außenpolitik; Ifa (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen): Stuttgart, Germany, 2020.
World Tourism Organization and World Indigenous Tourism Alliance. (2023). Compendium of Good Practices in Indigenous Tourism – Regional Focus on the Americas, UNWTO, Madrid.
Xu, J. (2020). Research on the Construction of Cultural Tourism Market in Shenyang Based on Big Data. Proceedings of 2020 International Conference on Computer Science and Communication Technology (ICCSCT 2020), 2020:4.DOI:10.26914/c.cnkihy.2020.033312, 811-814
Zadel, Z., Bogdan, S. (2013). Economic impact of cultural tourism. UTMS Journal of Economics, 4(3), 355-366.
Zhang, H. (2022). Analysis of the Overall Development Mode of Cultural Tourism under the Creative Economy Environment. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 1-10.
Zhou, Z., Yang, Q., Kim, D.J. (2020). An Empirical Study on Coupling Coordination between the Cultural Industry and Tourism Industry in Ethnic Minority Areas. Journal of open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(3), 1-15.
Wang, Z.Y, Chen, R.Q. & Zhao, J.U. (2023). Research on the development of China’s cultural tourism Industry during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period. SHS Web of Conferences, 165(1), 1-4.