Investigating the Appropriate Period for Tourism in Chabahar Port Based on Climatic Conditions

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. in Cultural Management and Planning, Department of Management, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.

2 Ph.D. in Geography-Cilmatology,University of Tehran, High School Teacher, Shiraz Iran.

3 Associate Professor of the Department of Education, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

The present study aims to evaluate and analyze climatic conditions in tourism processes, emphasizing factual data and the thermal comfort of tourists. For this purpose, Chabahar port was selected due to its profound importance in international communication, economy, tourism, and exceptional climatic conditions, making it particularly interesting to domestic and international tourists. This study seeks to provide a suitable tourism period calendar to improve the quality and development of tourism considering the climatic conditions of the southeastern coasts of the country. To this end, the Comfort or Tourism Climate Indicators of Tourism Climate Index and Physiological Equivalent Temperature were examined to provide a deeper understanding of the conditions by combining the results of the indicators (from 1990 to 2018). The results showed that in most months of the year in Chabahar port, the climatic and thermal conditions are outside the comfort zone, and heat stress creates restrictions for tourism activities. According to the output of investigating both indicators, the best time for tourism activities is mid-autumn and late winter, and in the three months of December, November, and March.

Keywords

References

Ebrahimi, N. (2005). Climate assessment for tourism in Sardasht city (Unpublished Master’s thesis in climatology). Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Ismaili, R., Gandhamkar, A. & Habibi Nokhandan, M. (2011). Evaluating the comfortable climate of several major tourist cities in Iran using the Physiological Equivalent Temperature Index (PET). Natural Geography Researches, 43(75), 1-18.
Zulfiqari, H. (2007). Determining the suitable time calendar for traveling in Tabriz using the physiological equivalent temperature indices and the predicted survey average. Natural Geography Research, (62), 129-141.
Ramezanipour, M. & Behzad Moghadam, E. (2012). Analysis of tourism climate index of Chalus city. Human Sciences and Management, (1), 290-302.
Atai, H. & Hashemi Nasab, S. (2010). Investigating the tourist climate potentials of Semnan province using Physiological Equivalent Temperature Index (PET). Geography and Regional Planning, (2), 27-38.
Qiyabaklo, Z. (2001). Thermal comfort estimation methods. Honar-ha-ye Ziba, (10), 68-74.
Mohammadi, H. (2006). Applied meteorology. Tehran: University of Tehran.
Mohammadi, H., Ranjbar, F. & Hashemi, T. S. (2009). An analysis of the relationship between climate and tourism. Tourism Studies, (10), 129-147.
Amelung, B. & Viner, D. (2006). Mediterranean tourism: exploring the future with the tourism climatic index. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, (14), 620-644.
Amiranashvili, A., Matzarakis, A. & Kartvelishvili, L. (2008). Tourism climate index in Tbilisi. Transactions of the Georgian Institute of Hydrometeorology, (115), 1-4.
Ataei, H. & Hasheminasab, S. (2013). Determination of suitable calendar for Tourism in Ahwaz utilizing Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET). Journal of Life Science, 2(7), 104-109.
Bafaluy, D., Amengual, A., Romero, R. & Homar, V. (2014). Present and future climate resources for various types of tourism in the Bay of Palma, Spain. Reg Environ Change, (14), 1995–2006.
Bakhtiari, B. & Bakhtiari, A. (2013). Determination of tourism climate index in Kerman province. DESERT, 18(2), 113-126.
De Freitas, C. R., Scott, D. & McBoyle, G. (2008). A second generation climate index for tourism (CIT): specification and verification. International Journal of Biometeorology, 52(5), 399-407.
Ebrahimzadeh, J. & Aghasizadeh, A. (2009). Analyzing the Factors Affecting Tourism Development in Chabahar Coastal Area, Using SWOT Strategic Model. Journal of Urban and Regional Researches and Studies, (1), 107-128.
Endler, C. & Matzarakis, A. (2007). Climate Change and Climate-tourism Relationships in Germany. In A. Matzarakis, C. R. de Freitas & D. Scott, (Eds.), Developments in Tourism Climatology. Freiburg: MatzarakisMeteorological Institute.
Esmaili, R. & FallahGhalhari, Gh. (2014). An Assessment of Bioclimatic Conditions for Tourists— A Case Study of Mashhad, Iran. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, (4), 137-146.
Fadaee, R., Ramezani, B. & Fadaee, M. (2013). Evaluation of Tourism Climate Index in Anzali Wetland and Proposing Its Calendar, J. Basic. Meteorological Applications: A journal of Forecasting, Practical Applications, Training Techniques and Modelling, 3(2), 752-758.
Fang, Y. & Yin, J. (2015). National Assessment of Climate Resources for Tourism Seasonality in China Using the Tourism Climate Index. Atmosphere, (6), 183-194.
Fanger. P. O. (1972). Thermal Comfort. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Farajzadeh, H., & Matzarakis, A. (2009). Quantification of climate for tourism in the northwest of Iran. Meteorological Applications: A Journal of Forecasting, Practical Applications, Training Techniques and Modelling, 16(4), 545-555.
Grillakis, M. G., Koutroulis, A. G. & Tsanis, I. K. (2016). The 2 C global warming effect on summer European tourism through different indices. International Journal of Biometeorology, 60(8), 1205-1215.
Hoppe, P. (1999). the physiological equivalent temperature – a universal index for the biometeorological asse.ssment of the thermal environment. International Journal of Biometeorologe, (43), 71–75.
Lin, T. P. & Matzarakis, A. (2011). Tourism climate information based on human thermal perception in Taiwan and Eastern China. Tourism Management, (32), 492-500.
Matzarakis, A. (2007). Climate, Theral comfort and tourism. Proceeding of 2nd International workshop on Climate Change and Tourism Assessment and Coping Strategies. Maastricht – Warsaw – Freiburg.
Matzarakis, A., Endler, C. & Nastos, P. T. (2014). quantification of climate-tourism potential for athens, greece recent and future climate simulations. Global Nest Journal, (16), 43-51.
Matzarakis, A., Hämmerle, M., Koch, E. & Rudel, E. (2012). The climate tourism potential of Alpine destinations using the example of Sonnblick, Rauris and Salzburg. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, (110), 645–658.
Matzarakis, A., Mayer, H. & Iziomon, M. (1999). Heat stress in Greece. Applications of a universal thermal index: physiological equivalent temperature. Int J Biometeorol, (43), 76–84.
Matzarakis. A., Rutz. F. & Mayer. H. (2007). Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments- application of the Ray Man model. Int. J. Biometorology, (51), 323-334.
Mieczkowski, Z. (1985). The Tourism Climate Index: A Method for Evaluating World Climates for Tourism. The Canadian Geographer, (29), 220-235.
Nicholls, S. (2004). Climate change and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, (31), 238-240.
Perch-Nielsen, S. L., Amelung, B. & Knutti. R. (2010). Future climate resources for tourism in Europe based on the daily Tourism Climatic Index. Climatic Change, (103), 363–381.
Perkins, D. R. (2018). Using synoptic weather types to predict visitor attendance at Atlanta and Indianapolis zoological parks. International Journal of Biometeorology, 62(1), 127-137.
Roshan, Gh., Yousefi, R. & Fitchett, J. (2016). Long-term trends in tourism climate index scores for 40 stations across Iran: the role of climate change and influence on tourism sustainability.International Journal Biometeorol, (60), 33–52.
Scott, D., McBoyle, G. & Schwartzentruber, M. (2004). Climate change and the distribution of climatic resources for tourism in North America. Climate Research, (27), 105- 117.
Tang, C., Zhong, L., Kristen, M. & Cheng, S. (2012). A comprehensive evaluation of tourism climate suitability in Qinghai Province, China. Journal of Mountain Science, 9(3), 403-413.
Vasconcelons, J., Olivoeira, V. & Gamboa, R. (2007). Could climate change have appositive impaction in potugels tourism rigioncoasts?, In Confrance on climate change impacts on tourism. Portugal: Lisbon.
Zaninovic K, Matzarakis A (2003). Variations and trends of thermal comfort at the Adriatic coast. In: Matzarakis A, de Freitas CR, Scott D (eds) Advances in tourism climatology. Berichte des Meteorologischen Intitutes der Universität Freiburg, (12), 74–81.
Tourism of Culture
Volume 3, Issue 10
November 2022
Pages 5-16

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 09 February 2022
  • Revise Date: 30 May 2022
  • Accept Date: 30 May 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics