The effect of traction factors and marketing drive factors on attracting older cultural tourists (Case study of European tourists)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran .

2 Master of Tourism Management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran .

Abstract

In the world, the elderly population is exploding and planning for this group of tourists has become essential. Traditionally, the majority of European tourists in Iran are elderly people. Elderly tourists travel mainly for cultural reasons. In this study, the pull factors (facilities, tourist attractions, experience, and satisfaction) and push factors (knowledge, age, socialization, leisure) of marketing on attracting elderly cultural tourists were investigated. Psychologists consider motivation to be the main concept in understanding consumer behavior and the destination selection process. Therefore, recognizing the motivations of cultural tourists can have benefits for both the tourists and tourism policy-makers. This research is applied in terms of purpose which considered as a descriptive-survey research in terms of method. The sampling method of this research is available and the sampling formula of Cochran will be unlimited for the community. In this research, a questionnaire was used to collect information and in order to analyze the data, the structural equation modeling method was exerted in SMPPLS software. The results of this study showed that marketing pull factors (facilities, tourist attractions, experience, satisfaction) and marketing push factors (knowledge, age, socialization, leisure) have a positive and significant effect on attracting elderly cultural tourists. The results of this study indicated that by emphasizing the pull and push factors of marketing at the international level, it is possible to attract elderly cultural tourists.

Keywords

References

Asadi, M., Boroumand zad, Y. & Maleki Nejad, A. (2017). An Analytical Study of Senior Tourism Development with Cognitive Mapping Approach Case Study: Yazd Province. Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 6(22), 77-96.
Azizi Zeinalhajlou, A., Amini, A. & Sadegh Tabrizi, J. (2015).Consequences of population aging in Iran, emphasis on the increasing challenge of the health system. Journal of Health Image, 6(1), 54.
Baker, D. A. & Crompton, J. L. (2000). Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Annals of tourism research, 27(3), 785-804
Bosch, Sh. J. & Gharaveis, A. (2017). Flying solo: A review of the literature on way finding for older adults experiencing visual or cognitive decline. Journal of Applied Ergonomic, 58, 327-333.
Caber, M. & Albayrak T. (2014).Does the importance of hotel attributes differ for senior tourists?, Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag, 26(4),610-628.
Carber, M. & Albayrak, T. (2016). Push or pull? Identifying rock climing tourists’ motivations. Tourism Management, 55, 74–84.
Cejudo, A. B., Hernaez, O. R. & Patterson, I. (2016). The strategic Impact of country of origin on senior Tourism Demand: The Need to Balance Global and local strategies.Journal of Population Aging, 9(4), 345-373.
Chen, C. F. & Tsai, D. (2007). How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28(4),1115–1122.
Chen, J. (2010). The moral high ground: Perceived moral violation and moral emotions in consumer boycotts Doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon.
Cong, C. l. (2017). Factors affecting European tourists satisfaction in nha trang city (Perceptions of destination quality). Interactional Journal of Tourism Cities, 3(4), 350-362.
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Springer.
Devesa, M., Laguna, M. & Palacios, A. (2010). The Role of Motivation in Visitor Satisfaction: Empirical Evidence in Rural Tourism. Tourism Management, 31, 547-552.
Freud, S. (1916). Instinto e suas Vicissitudes. Edição Standard Brasileira das Obras Psicologicas Completas, XIV. 1996, Imago, Rio de Janeiro.
Gharibi, A. (2012). Prioritization of push and pull factors Motivational Factors Affecting the Selection of Shiraz as a Tourism Destination from the Perspective of Domestic Tourists, Mater Thesis, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran.
• Hamid, A. H. A. & Mokhtar, A. R. M. (2016). Creating Memorable Visitor Experiences by Assessing the Satisfaction level and Behavioural Consequenes of Attendees. Procedia Economicsand Finance. https.//doi: Procedia Economicsand Finance, 37, 1-6.
Hosany, S., & Gilbert, D. (2010). Measuring tourists’ emotional experiences toward he-donic holiday destinations.Journal of Travel Research, 49(4), 513–526.
• Horenberg, F. (2015). Tourism advertising: comparing the effects of push & pull factors in advertising: a cross-cultural perspective. Master Thesis in Communication Studies. University of Twente Student Theses.
• Hosany, S, Buzova, D. & Sanz-Blas, S. (2020). The Influence of Place Attachment, Ad-Evoked Positive Affect, and Motivation on Intention to Visit: Imagination Procilivity as a Moderator. Journal of Travel Research, 59(3), 477-495.
Huber, D., Milne, S. & Hyde, K. F. (2018). Constraints and facilitators for senior tourism. Tourism Management Perspctives, 27, 55-67.
Jang, A. C., Chang, Y. C., Bai, J., Montell, D. (2009). Border-cell migration requires integration of spatial and temporal signals by the BTB protein Abrupt. Nat. Cell Biol, 11(5), 569-579.
Jang, S. & Wu, C. M. E. (2006). Seniors’ travel motivation and the influential factors: An examination of Taiwanese seniors. Tourism Management, 27(2), 306–316.
Ji T. (2012).study of Chinese senior citizens’ attitudes toward travel attributes. Unpublished Master Thesis. Purdue University. Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.Purdue University.
Kim, H,. Woo, E. & UysL, M. (2015). Tourism experience and quality of life among elderly tourists. Tourism management, 46, February, 465–476.
Kim, S. Park, E. & Lamb, D. (2019). Extraordinary or ordinary? Food tourism motivations of Japanese domestic noodle tourists. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 176-187.
Kohlbacher, F. & Chéron, E. (2012). Understanding “silver” consumers through cognitive age, health condition, financial status, and personal values: Empirical evidence from the world’s most mature market Japan. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 11(3), 179.
• Kolb, B. (2017). Tourism Marketing for Cities and Towns: Using Social Media and Branding to Attract Tourists. New York: Routledge.
 Le Serre, D., Weber, K., Legohérel, P. & Errajaa, K. (2017). Culture as a moderator of cognitive age and travel motivation/perceived risk relations among seniors. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 34(5), 455–466.
Losada, N., Alén, E., Nicolau, J. L. & Domínguez, T. (2017).Senior tourists’ accommodation choices, Int. J. Hosp. Manag., 66, 24–34.
Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality – A general theory of human motivation based upon a synthesis primarily of holistic and dynamic principles. NY: Harper & Row, Publishers.
Moscardo, G. (2006). Third-age Tourism, in D.Buhalis and C. costa (eds), New Tourism consumers, Products and Industry: Present and Future Issues-oxford: Butter worth-Heinemann, PP.9-30.
Nielsen, K. (2014).Approaches to seniors’ tourist behaviour, Tourim Review, 69(2), 111-121.
Patella, R. & Nijkamp, P. (2016).Travel motivations of seniors: a review and a meta-analytical assessment, Tour. Econ., 22(4),847-862.
Pearce, P. L. & Lee, U. I. (2005). Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation. Journal of Travel Research, 43(3), 226- 237.
Pestana, M. H., Parreira, A. & Moutinho, L. (2018). Motivations, emotions and satisfaction: The keys to a tourism destination choice, Motivations, emotions and satisfaction: The keys to a tourism destination choice. Jornal of Destination Marketing & Management, 16, 100332.
Perreira, A. & Silva, A.L. (2014). Astudy of an interval scale for a motivion test. Proceeding of SMTDA conference, 14 june, Lisbon Portugul. (p.p. 579-592)
Pezeshki F., Ardekani S. S., Khodadadi, M. S., Almodarresi, M. A. & Hosseini, F. S. (2019).Cognitive structures of Iranian senior tourists towards domestic tourism destinations: A means-end chain approach, J. Hosp. Tour. Manag, 39, 9–19.
Rezvani, A. A. (2006). Geography and Tourism Industry.Tehran: Payame Noor University Press .
Ranjanthran, M. & Mohammed, B. (2010). Domestic tourism: Perception of domestic tourist on tourism products in Penang Island. Asian Journal of Management Research, 795-816.
Shirmohammadi, Y. Baradaran, M. & Mokhtari Jozani, M. (2009). The effect of virtual tourism on mental well-being. SociaContingencies of reinforcement: A theoretical analysis. New York, NY: Appleton-Centur l Development Welfare Planning, 11(42),157-184.
Shah Hosseini, H. (2014). Study of the Factors Influencing the Eco-tourists’Motivations for and Satisfaction of Travelling to Qeshm. Tourism Management Studies, 8(24), 145-182.
Skinner, B. F. (1969).Contingencical of reinforcement: A theoretical analysis. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Smith, M.; Laud, N. & Robertson, M. H. (2012). Key Concepts in Tourism Studies (J. Payizi, Trans.). Tehran: Mahkameh Publications.
Tung, V., Brent, W. S. & Ritchie, J. R. (2011). Investigating the memorable experiences of the senior travel market: an examination of the rain is censing bump. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 28(3), 331-343.
Wang K. C., Ma, A. P., Hsu, M. T., Jao, P. C. & Lin, C. W. (2013). Seniors’ perceptions of service features on outbound group package tours, J. Bus. Res, 66(8), 1021–1027,
Woo, E., Kim, H., & Uysal, M. (2016). A measure of quality of life in elderly tourists. Applied Research in Quality of life, 11(1), 65-82.
Zarghami, H. (2011). A look at the developments of population aging in Iran, presented at the conference on the analysis of population trends. December 20 and 20, Tehran, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Tourism of Culture
Volume 2, Issue 5
July 2021
Pages 49-60

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 17 April 2021
  • Revise Date: 15 July 2021
  • Accept Date: 16 July 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics