Abbaszadeh, M., Mohammad Moradi, A., Soltanahmadi, E. (2015). The Role of Architectural and Urban Heritage Values in Cultural Tourism Development: Case study: The historical fabric of Urmia. Urban Studies (Persian), 4(14), 77-90.
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2006). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company
Arts, B., Buizer, M., Horlings, L., Ingram, V., van Oosten, C. & Opdam, P. (2017). Landscape Approaches: A State-of-the-Art Review. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, (42), 439-463.
Bandyopadhyay, R., Morais, D. & Chick, G. (2008). Religion and identity in India’s heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3), 790–808.
Behzadfar, M. (2013). Hoviat-e shahr: negahi be hoviat-e shahr-e tehran [ City Identity: A Look at Tehran City Identity]. 3rd edition. Tehran: Nashr-e Shahr.
Benhamou, F. (1996). Is increased public spending for the preservation of historic monuments inevitable? The French Case, J. Cult. Econ. 20, 112–123.
Benjamin, S. G. W. (2015). Persia and the Persians (R. Rezazadeh Malek trans.). Tehran: Aftab.
Cosgrove, D. (1984). Social Formation and Symbolic Landscape, London: Croom Helm.
Council of Europe. (2000). European landscape convention. CETS No. 176. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Retrieved from http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/176.htm
Danbali, A M. (2004). Maaser al-Soltanieh in addition to the wars of the second period of the history of Zolqarnein, Tehran: Iran Newspaper Publishing Institute.
Daneshpour A. & Shiri, E. (2015). Physical-Functional Components Comprising the Identity of Historical Texture of Iranian-Islamic City. BSNT, 5 (1), 17-25.
Dehkhoda, A. (1994). Dehkhoda Dictionary. Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
Dexter, G. (1999). The Power of Cultural Tourism. Wisconsin Heritage Tourism Conference, 1-14, Retrieved from https://www.lord.ca/Media/Artcl_PowerCulturalTourism-GL.pdf
Etemadipour, M. & Bahramian A. (2012). The Comparison between Ghasre Ghajar and Takht of Shiraz Gardens. JIAS. 1 (1), 85-96.
Fairclough, G. (2006). A new Landscape for cultural heritage management: Characterization as a management tool. In: Lozny, R.L. (Ed.) Landscapes Under Pressure, Theory and Practice of Cultural Heritage Research and Preservation. New York: Springer.
Farahmand, J. (2006). Qosur-e qajar [Qajar Palaces]. Tarikh-e moaser-e iran, 10 (37), 245-270.
Farajirad, A. & Seyed Nassiri, S. (2010). Analytical Approaches in Sustainable Development of Urban Tourism. territory, 7(25), 29-40.
Flandin, E. (1945). Voyage en Perse de MM (H. Noursadeghi trans.). Tehran: Naqsh-e- Jahan Publication.
Freund, J. (1983). Les Theories des Sciences Humaine (A. Kardan trans.). Tehran: University Publishing Center.
Ghirshman, R. (2008). Iran Des origines A L’Islam (M. Moeintrans.). Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi.
Gospodini, A. (2002). Urban Design, Urban Space Morphology, Urban Tourism: An Emerging New Paradigm Concerning Their Relationship. European Planning Studies. 9(7), 925-934.
Greffe, X. (1990). La gestion du patrimoine culturel, Paris: Anthropos.
Guba, E. G. & Lincoln, Y. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln, (Eds.), The handbook of qualitative research, London: Sage, 105–117.
Hägerstrand, T. (1993) Samhälle och natur. In: Region och miljö: ekologiska perspektiv på den rumsliga närings- och bosättningsstrukturen. 1993(1) Kobenhavn: Nordisk Institut for Regionalpolitisk Forskning, 14-59.
Houghton Mifflin Company. (2001). American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th ed.). Boston: Dell publication.
Hosseininia, M. (2014). An analysis of approaches related to cultural tourism developments in urban space. International Scientific-Strategic Conference on Tourism Development of the Islamic Republic of Iran Challenges and Prospects, Mashhad, Iran.
Huberman, A. M. & Miles, M. B. (1994). Data management and analysis methods. N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (eds.). Handbook of qualitative research, CA: Sage, 428–444.
Irani Behbahani, H. & Soltani, H. (2003). Indicators and characteristics of horticulture during the Qajar period in Tehran. Journal of Environmental Studies, 29 (30), 81-99.
Jahanshahlu Afshar, N. (2001). Ma va biganegan [We and the aliens]. Tehran: Varjavand.
Kazemi, M. (2006). Tourism management. First Edition. Tehran: SAMT Publication.
Kazemian, G. & Azadi, E. (2011). The model of urban tourism development in central district of Tehran with Urban management approach. Tourism Management Studies, 6(15), 53-84. doi: 10.22054/tms.2011.5084
Khwaju Kermani, M. (2016). Three Poems by Khwaju Kermani. Namely Homay o Homayun, The Kamal-Namah, and the Raudat ul-Anwar. Tehran: Matn-e- Honar Publication.
Khansari, M.; Yavari, M.; Moghtader, M. (2004). The persian garden: echoes of paradise. Tehran: Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization.
Macdonald, S. (2006). Undesirable heritage: Fascist material culture and historical consciousness in Nuremberg. International Journal of Heritage Studie, 12(1), 9–28.
Mardiha, M. (2003). Fazilat-e adam-e ghatiat [The virtue of uncertainty]. Tehran: Tarh-e-Noe Publication.
Moein, M. (2007). Farhange Moein (Moein Dictionary). Tehran: Zarrin Publication.
Moftakhari, H. (2008). Paradaim-ha-ye raveshshenakhti-ye moaser bar pashuhesh-ha-ye tarikhi [Methodological paradigms affecting historical research]. Ketab-e Mah: Tarikh va Joghrafia, (122), 4-13.
Moftakhari, H. (2010). Tosif, tafsir va tabeen dar tahghighat-e tarikhi [Recommendation, Interpretation and Explanation in Historical Research]. Ketab-e Mah: Tarikh va Joghrafia, 14 (146), 2-13.
Motedayen, H. (2010). Investigating the role of the interface element of urban gardens in Iran. Manzar, 2(9), 48-51.
Zare Ashkezari, M., Saghaei, M., Mousavi, M. & Mokhtari Malekabadi, R. (2016). Effective Factors on Development of Cultural Tourism with The Approach to attracting Foreign Tourists in Central Iran (Case Study: Yazd city), Geography Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 5(17), 189-208.
Papoli Yazdi, M H. & Saghayei, M. (2006). Tourism Nature and Concepts. Tehran :SAMT Publication.
Park, H. (2010). Heritage Tourism: Emotional Journeys into Nationhood, Annals of Tourism Research, 37(1), 116-135.
Parna, M. (2006). Dark-e omumi-ye memari-ye manzar [General understanding of landscape architecture]. Tehran: Azadeh Publication.
Pretes, M. (2003). Tourism and nationalism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 125–142.
Rahnamaei, M. (2011). Gardeshgar-ye shahri [City tourism]. First Edition. Tehran: Organization of Municipalities and Rural Affairs.
Saadati Khamseh, M. (2016). A Critical Review of Tendency towards the Western Architecture in Palaces of Qajar Era. Urban Management Quarterly, 46 (1). 179-198.
Saboonchi, P.; Abarghouyifard, H.; Motedayen, H. (2018). Green Landscape Networks; The role of articulation in the integrity of green space in landscapes of contemporary cities of Iran, Bagh-e-Nazar. 15(62), 5-16. Doi: 10.22034/BAGH.2018.66280
Samuels, M. (1979). The biography of landscape, in D. W. Meinig (ed.). The interpretation of ordinary landscapes: geographical essays. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sarukhani, B. (1996). Methodology of research in social sciences. First volume. Tehran: Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies.
Serena, C. (1984). Hommes et chosen en Perse (Gh. Samiee trans.). Tehran: Nashr-e Noe.
Shahcheraghi, A. (2012). Paradigms of paradise. Third edition. Tehran: Jahad-e Daneshgahi.
Shams, A., Karimian, A. & Zarini, H. (2005). Asnadi az zendan va zendanian dar asr-e pahlavi [Documents of prisons and prisoners in the Pahlavi era]. Tehran: Rah-e Tarbiat Publication.
Soltanzadeh, H. (1988). Moghadame-ie bar tarikh-e shahrneshini-ye iran [An introduction to the history of urbanization in Iran]. Tehran: Amirkabir Publications.
Sputnik News Agency. (20019). Qasr – prison in Iran. Retrieved from https://ir.sputniknews.com/photo/
Stevenson, D. (2003). Cities and urban cultures (R. Panahi & A. Pourahmad trans.). Tehran: Urban and Architecture Research Center Publication.
Taghvaei, M. & Safarabadi, A. (2012). Cultural Tourism Development with an Emphasis on Historical Attractions: A Case Study of Historical Attractions of Isfahan. Social Development & Welfare Planning, 3(12), 59-78.
Tahmasbi, E. (2013). The Comparative Study of the Sassanian Palaces and Manor Houses Architecture. PAZHOHESH-HA-YE BASTANSHENASI IRAN, 3(4), 153-168.
Wilber, D. (1969). Persian gardens and garden pavilions (M. Saba trans.). Tehran: Bogah-e tarjome va nashr-e ketab.
Yousefifar, S. (2005). Taamolati dar maghule-ye shekl-e shahr [Reflections on the category of city shape]. Farhang, 18(4), 217-261.
Zonneveld, J.I.S. (1990). Scope and concept of landscape ecology as an emerging science. In Changing landscapes: an ecological perspective. Springer: Verlag New York Inc.
)