Berger, J. & Smith, P. (1971). International Tourism: Cultures and Behavior. UK: Elsevier
Goeldner, C. R. & Brent Ritchie, J. R. (2003). Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Imani Khoshkhou, M. H., Pourjam Alavicheh, A. & Nadalipour, Z. (2015). Motale’at-e Gardeshgari [Based on The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Studies]. Tehran: Jahad-e-Daneshgahi.
Mahdavi, M. & Ahmadi, A. (2011). Cultural geography; the theoretical and methodological explanation used in studying cultural areas. Cultural and Communications, 12(13), 155-183.
Mansouri, S. A. & Shafi’a, S. (2019). Landscape Tourism. Nazar Research Center for Art, Architecture & Urbanism. Tehran: Mahkameh.
Papoli Yazdi, M. H. & Saqai, M. (2006). Tourism: Nature and Concepts. Tehran: SAMT.
Pourahmad, A. (2007). The Realm and Philosophy of Geography. Tehran: The University of Tehran
Rahnamaei, M. T. (2017). Leisure and Tourism. Tehran: Mahkameh.
Williams. R. (1976). A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. New York: Oxford University Press.