The Conceptual Role of the City Center in Urban Tourism Through the Lens of Travelogues
Farnoosh
Mokhles
Ph. D Candidate in Landscape Architecture , Nazar Laboratory, Iran/ Paris 8 University, France.
author
text
article
2020
per
Urban tourism is now one of the most significant categories of the tourism industry. It refers to a type of tourism that is planned and managed based on cultural, recreational, economic concepts, of the city. Available studies in tourism have identified urban tourism as one of the largest and most important forms of tourism. It is also one of the most complex types of tourism in terms of management. Regardless of this complexity, the number of cities seeking to attract tourists is on the rise. In this tourism, the city center is one of the various destinations for urban tourism. Knowledge about the concept of the center in this domain has often been limited to one of the multiple centers of the city. This center is known for its memorial and historical meaning and guides tourists to visit specific works.But the type of management and planning of tourists called urban tourists in the center shows a lack of accurate knowledge of this important urban organ. Where is the city center and who are the urban tourists?The city center reflects the integrity of the city and manifests the culture, community, events, and identity –giving elements of the city. Urban tourism policies identify the lack of understanding of the concept and importance of the city center as a content gap in urban tourism management. Therefore, understanding the concept of the city center and its values is essential to manage the urban tourism industry consciously and plan tourism infrastructure, and to identify real tourists of the city in this domain.
Tourism of Culture
پژوهشکده هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2717-2627
1
v.
2
no.
2020
5
10
https://www.toc-sj.com/article_115506_3d58e2295c93333ef5ceb369548f3686.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/toc.2020.242238.1014
Analyzing Cultural Negative Effects of Tourism on Host Society
(A Case Study of Bojnourd City)
Samira
Mohammadi
Ph.D. Candidate of Tourism Management, University of science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
author
Seyed Mohammad
Mousavi
Ph.D. of Tourism Management, Policy Research in Tourism.
author
Ahmadreza
Salimi
M.S. in MBA, University of West Tehran Paymenoor, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
Tourism is considered as the best instrument for cultural development in many countries and it may cause cultural changes in the host society. In fact, tourism in nature is a cultural affair around which many cultural effects are formed, and its economic aspect is in the second priority. The present research was carried out in summer 2019 to analyze the negative cultural effects of tourism on the host society of Bojnourd city. The statistical population consists of families inhabited in Bojnourd city with a statistical sample size of 384 individuals who were selected using cluster sampling. Regarding its objective, this is an applied research. The data collection was conducted by descriptive and survey methods. SmartPLS software was used to analyze data by structural equations. The results showed that negative cultural effects and its dimensions (commoditization of culture, cultural adaptations, demonstration effect, and cultural changes) have a positive and significant effect on the change of the host society’s attitude. Furthermore, the results indicated that cultural change variable has the highest path coefficient value with the highest effect on host society attitude in comparison with the other variables.
Tourism of Culture
پژوهشکده هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2717-2627
1
v.
2
no.
2020
11
20
https://www.toc-sj.com/article_115507_380f60703cc5904e4c1173dd749b4705.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/toc.2020.240564.1008
A Critical Approach to Pro-Poor Tourism
Ebtehal
Zandi
Faculty member of Tourism Management and Hotel Management Department of Islamic Azad University, West Tehran branch, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
One of the main themes of development strategies around the world is poverty reduction. Poverty is the result of the interaction of social, political, and economic processes, then economic growth and income redistribution can not solely resolve this problem. According to some experts, tourism has been a tool for development since the 1970s and its role in reducing poverty, especially poverty as capability, has been considered since the late 1990s. Since then, pro-poor tourism has quickly become a well-known and valuable tool. It has become a way to reduce poverty, so the goal of tourism is to support the poor by improving access of them to the tourism sector and providing them with a source of income. But pro-poor tourism also has its own critics who believe that it is a priority to reduce poverty, and protection is of secondary importance, which in turn harms the environment, the economy and culture. It cannot be argued that this type of tourism can lead to a reduction in poverty in all its dimensions. For this purpose, the present study seeks to combine the two categories of poverty and tourism development. Then it intends to categorize and analyze the challenges of pro- poor tourism in 9 groups with a critical approach through analytical-descriptive method and documentary studies and by analyzing the opinion of experts in this field.
Tourism of Culture
پژوهشکده هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2717-2627
1
v.
2
no.
2020
21
32
https://www.toc-sj.com/article_115508_7179d5a0389e309da544e54faffe4269.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/jct.2020.241622.1011
Landscape Approach in Mountain Tourism; a Case Study of Alborz Mountains
Babak
Dariush
Faculty member, Sheikh Bahai’ research center, Tehran, Iran
author
Fatemeh
Dastyar
Ph.D. Candidate of geography and urban planning, Tehran of University, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
In past times, mountains had numerous functions and meanings for humans and used to be considered as a holy natural element. This issue was also true in Iran. Because of the particular geography of Iran and locating in the Tropic of cancer, if mountains did not exist in Iran, the country was just a big plain. Hence, mountains in Iran have been a resource for water and life for the people and have always been important elements. Besides, the mountain has had many other functions for Iranian people and has made numerous subjective meanings for this natural element. However, over time and with the advent of technology caused by modernity, the need of Iranian people for mountains was decreased and caused a decline of its meanings in public opinions. Now, it can be just considered as a natural environment. On the other hand, tourism is the presence and experience in the environment, and knowing the environment can leave a significant effect on the perception and experience of presence. The more the information about the environment are, the better and more perfect experience can be obtained. Hence, regarding mountain tourism with such important functions and meanings for Iranian people, a comprehensive understanding is required. Mountain is a cultural element for Iranian people and recognition of cultural dimensions of the mountains can be very effective in the perception and experience of tourists. Moreover, knowing the cultural dimensions of the mountain can help the sense of belonging of place, so that tourists can act carefully to protect the natural environment. Over the decades, a new discipline has been created to counter the environment called Landscape Approach, based on which natural environment is something beyond just a view or environment and it has also semantic aspects. The approach is the same relationship of Iranians with nature, due to which they respect nature and consider various meanings for that. Hence, with the conceptual framework of the landscape approach and with using the descriptive-analytical method, the research results have been analyzed with emphasis on Alborz Mountain studies.
Tourism of Culture
پژوهشکده هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2717-2627
1
v.
2
no.
2020
33
38
https://www.toc-sj.com/article_115504_4a46e1be24207363f0215da31d4de89b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/toc.2020.239247.1007
Explaining a Perception Model for Rural Tourism from the Landscape Approach
Morteza
Hemmat
Ph.D Candidate in Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, University of Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
The village is a synthetic product of natural and artificial elements founded on the economic necessities and adhering to a uniform culture. In every region of Iran, the organic process of building rural houses from locally-procured materials has led to the emergence of a wide variety of rural landscapes each with their own distinct characteristics. Culture, as a non-physical component with physical impacts, is one of the factors leading to variety among rural landscapes. Moreover, geographical variety in the case of components such as vegetation, wildlife, and climate, affects the lifestyle of the inhabitants of a village leading to unique forms of “rural landscape”. It seems that the novel concept of tourism economy has become one of the most important topics in rural sustainability and development. Rural tourism, through its scrutinising reading of the processes involved in shaping rural landscapes, attempts to transfer the subjective experience of the local inhabitants unto tourists. By examining the different aspects of the concept of “village”, this paper aims to explain the rural landscape, as a linking point between the natural world and social life, from a tourism point of view. It furthermore seeks to offer a perception model for the most important components of rural tourism.
Tourism of Culture
پژوهشکده هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2717-2627
1
v.
2
no.
2020
39
46
https://www.toc-sj.com/article_115509_6eb3a558bb9a77c639f4b0710f75989e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/toc.2020.243927.1019
The Role of Ethnic Tourism Development on Gender Equality
(A Case Study of Baluchis Women’s Experience in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran)
Ahmadreza
Sheikhi
1. Ph.D in Tourism Planning from University of la Laguna, Assistant Professor at University of Isfahan, Iran.
author
Sadaf
Ebrahimian
M.A in student tourism planning at University of Tehran, Iran.
author
Narges
Vazin
Ph.D in Geography and Rural Planning, Assistant Professor at University of Isfahan, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
Ethnic tourism draws attention to the social role of women in traditional ethnic communities. In many traditional ethnic communities, such as Baluchi in Iran, ethnic tourism acts as a window to learn about other cultures. In this type of community, women often have low presence in community, because their responsibilities are usually household issues. While men are responsible for things outside the home such as business and travel, and this issue is also mentioned in Islamic texts. This article examines how ethnic tourism affects gender equality and women’s empowerment. The results of this research show that ethnic tourism can have positive effects on gender equality in ethnic communities. The data of this research collected through a field study. Experimental data were obtained the relationship between the local community, tourists and through interviews with a number of women working in tourism-related occupations, and the interview data were analyzed by using grounded theory.
Tourism of Culture
پژوهشکده هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2717-2627
1
v.
2
no.
2020
47
54
https://www.toc-sj.com/article_115505_ab9c9b9931ac864558159ab3feb0e95b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/toc.2020.241614.1009